ML-DSA: Multi-Lattice Digital Signature Algorithm

A quantum-resistant digital signature algorithm standardized in FIPS 204

Security Basis
Module Learning With Errors (MLWE)
Primary Use
Digital Signatures
Replaces
RSA & ECDSA Signatures
Previously Known As
CRYSTALS-Dilithium

About ML-DSA

ML-DSA (previously known as CRYSTALS-Dilithium) is a lattice-based digital signature algorithm standardized by NIST as FIPS 204. It provides a quantum-resistant way to generate and verify digital signatures.

Like ML-KEM, the algorithm is based on the hardness of the Module Learning With Errors (MLWE) problem, making it resistant to attacks from both classical and quantum computers.

ML-DSA is designed to replace current digital signature algorithms like RSA and ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm) in applications requiring document signing, code signing, certificate validation, and more.

Security Levels

44

ML-DSA-44

128-bit security level

65

ML-DSA-65

192-bit security level

87

ML-DSA-87

256-bit security level

How ML-DSA Works

1. Key Generation

The signer generates a key pair consisting of a public key that will be published and a secret key that is kept confidential.

Output: Public Key, Secret Key

2. Signing

The signer uses their secret key to create a digital signature for a message, which serves as proof of authenticity.

Input: Message, Secret Key
Output: Digital Signature

3. Verification

Anyone can verify the signature's authenticity using the signer's public key, confirming the message hasn't been altered.

Input: Message, Signature, Public Key
Output: Valid or Invalid
The signature provides cryptographic proof that the person who possesses the secret key has attested to the contents of the message.

ML-DSA Operations

ML-DSA Operations

Explore ML-DSA's key generation, signing, and verification operations at different security levels.

Parameters

Result

Select parameters and execute an operation to see results

Interactive ML-DSA Demo

Try ML-DSA Signing & Verification

Experience the full ML-DSA workflow with our interactive implementation. Generate keys, sign data, and verify signatures with different security levels.

Interactive ML-DSA Demo

Real-World Applications

ML-DSA can be integrated into existing applications and protocols to provide quantum-resistant digital signatures. Here are some common use cases:

Document Signing

Secure digital certificates and document signing with quantum-resistant signatures for long-term validity.

Code Signing

Ensuring software authenticity with post-quantum signatures to maintain secure software distribution.

Authentication

User and service authentication with post-quantum signatures for secure login and authorization.

PQC Visualization - Explore Post-Quantum Cryptography Standards

A demonstration of NIST's FIPS 203, 204, and 205 standards