About ML-KEM
ML-KEM (previously known as CRYSTALS-Kyber) is a lattice-based key encapsulation mechanism standardized by NIST as FIPS 203. It provides a quantum-resistant way to establish shared secret keys between parties.
The algorithm is based on the hardness of the Module Learning With Errors (MLWE) problem, making it resistant to attacks from both classical and quantum computers.
ML-KEM is designed to replace current key exchange algorithms like RSA and Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) in TLS and other protocols, ensuring that encrypted communications remain secure even in the quantum era.
Security Levels
ML-KEM-512
128-bit security level
ML-KEM-768
192-bit security level
ML-KEM-1024
256-bit security level
How ML-KEM Works
1. Key Generation
Alice generates a key pair consisting of a public key and a secret key, based on randomly sampled polynomials in a special ring.
2. Encapsulation
Bob takes Alice's public key, generates a random value, and uses it to derive a shared secret. He also creates a ciphertext to send to Alice.
Output: Ciphertext, Shared Secret
3. Decapsulation
Alice uses her secret key and the ciphertext from Bob to recover the same shared secret, without any further communication.
Output: Shared Secret
ML-KEM Operations
ML-KEM Operations
Explore ML-KEM's key generation, encapsulation, and decapsulation operations at different security levels.
Parameters
Result
Select parameters and execute an operation to see results
Interactive ML-KEM Demo
Try ML-KEM Key Exchange with AES
Experience the full ML-KEM workflow with our interactive implementation. Generate keys, encapsulate and decapsulate shared secrets, then use the resulting key for AES encryption and decryption.
Interactive ML-KEM DemoReal-World Applications
ML-KEM is designed to be integrated into existing protocols and applications to provide quantum resistance. Here are some common use cases:
TLS/SSL Protocols
Securing web traffic with quantum-resistant key exchange in HTTPS connections.
Secure Messaging
End-to-end encrypted messaging apps for long-term security against quantum attacks.
VPN Tunnels
Quantum-safe VPN connections for secure remote access and corporate networking.